Quantum Computing Is Finally Here. But What Is It? [View all]

Four decades ago, physicists were theorizing that the mind-bending mechanics of quantum physics could be harnessed to make a new kind of computer that’s exponentially more powerful than conventional machines. A series of breakthroughs has now brought “quantum utility” closer to reality. A race is on to develop machines that are accurate enough to faithfully model the behavior of complex real-world phenomena and deliver a leap forward in fields as varied as drug development, financial modeling and artificial intelligence.

What’s the appeal of quantum computers?

They can do things that classical computers can’t. Google revealed in December that its latest quantum processor, Willow, had solved a problem in five minutes that the world’s most powerful supercomputers wouldn’t have been able to solve even if they had been working on it since the universe began.

Experimental quantum computers are typically given tasks that would confound a conventional computer because there are too many variable inputs. Their greatest potential is for modeling complex systems involving large numbers of moving parts whose characteristics change as they interact with one another. They might, for example, replicate the behavior of molecules to accelerate the development of new medicines, or simulate the decisions of economic actors and financial intermediaries to make market forecasting more accurate.

Quantum computers are not expected to be of much use in the laborious but simpler work fulfilled by most of today’s computers, which process a relatively limited number of isolated inputs sequentially on a mass scale.

https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-12-24/what-is-quantum-computing-what-do-quantum-computers-do-and-can-i-get-one